PORTLAND — The Maine Charter School Commission has given itself a July 1 deadline to decide whether to approve proposals for charter schools.

That deadline leaves any group that plans to start a school this September with only 60 days to recruit students, hire teachers and prepare classrooms.

As a result, only one or two schools will be able to open in Maine in 2012, said Commissioner Donald Mordecai, speaking before about 50 people at Deering High School on Monday.

“The commission has got to stay focused on doing this right, doing this as well as we possibly can, to make sure we can succeed,” he told the crowd. “That is probably a more important goal than a time frame for schools to open.”

Commissioner Dick Barnes said the commission is moving cautiously because it wants to make sure that any approved charter school succeeds. That might mean rejecting applicants and waiting until 2013, he said.

“If we don’t have a quality applicant by July 1, we will take our lumps,” he said. “Better to wait.”

The Charter School Commission was formed in January and is now working to create criteria it will use to authorize charter schools. To gather public input about regional gaps in education that charter schools could fill, the commission held Monday’s forum and it will meet Thursday in Bangor and March 15 in Augusta.

The state’s charter school law, enacted last year, allows approval of as many as 10 public charter schools over the next decade. Also, public school districts could convert schools into charter schools.

Charter schools are funded primarily by public money but may pursue private donations as well. They are free from many of the regulations that apply to public schools.

Advocates say charter schools serve as laboratories for reform. Critics say charter schools have a mixed track record and weaken public schools by drawing away resources.

The Maine Academy of Natural Sciences in Fairfield is prepared to be ready for the deadline, Glenn Cummings, president and executive director, said Tuesday.

“Aspiring charter schools will have to work especially hard the next few months are we are committed to having everything ready,” Cummings said.

The school opened as a magnet school in September with 20 students on the campus of Good Will-Hinckley, a residential school that shut down its core operations in 2009.

He said last week that the school plans to apply as an existing school seeking charter status, which puts it in a unique position, otherwise “I don’t know how we’d be able to do it.”

Portland would be home to the largest proposed charter school, Baxter Academy for Technology and Science, which would operate in a former call center at 54 York St.

John Jaques, who heads the nonprofit group that would run the school, said it’s helpful that the commission has finally provided a deadline. He said 60 days will leave his group with just enough time to recruit 160 students.

He hopes to open the school this fall with ninth and tenth grade, then expand it to 11th and 12th grade.

The group would have to spend about $200,000 to convert the building into a school.

Tuition would be free, and the school would not be allowed to select students based on academic ability. It would be required to accept any special-education students. Its funding would come from the state and school districts where the students live.

Portland Mayor Michael Brennan said in an interview Monday that he sees the proposed school as a threat to the economic well-being of Portland’s school system because it would take students and money from the system.

Morning Sentinel staff writer Beth Stables contributed to this story